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This animation shows how mutations in an ion channel protein lead to the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. The animation also discusses how research on this protein has been used to develop treatments for the disease.

This animation describes how skin color is generated by skin cells as protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

This animation shows how varying concentrations of a signaling molecule activate different transcription factors to determine cell fate.

This animation shows how HIV infects a cell and replicates itself using reverse transcriptase.

This animation shows how stem cells from early mammalian embryos can be grown and studied in a laboratory.

This animation describes the formation and fates of the three germ layers in a human embryo.

This animation shows how salamanders can replace missing limb tissues with the help of cells similar to stem cells.

This animation shows how tumors use the protein VEGF to recruit blood vessels.

This animation shows how a genetically modified virus can be used to destroy cancer cells.

This animation shows how proteins in the cell are tagged for disposal by ubiquitin and then degraded by the proteasome.