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This animation shows two examples of how the cell uses energy from ATP. It is the sixth of six animations about cellular respiration. These animations bring to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body.

This animation shows how the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. It is the second of six animations about cellular respiration.

This animation shows how glycolysis converts glucose into pyruvate through a series of enzyme reactions. It is the first of six animations about cellular respiration. These animations bring to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body.

This animation shows how the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane powers the ATP synthase enzyme to make ATP. It is the fifth of six animations about cellular respiration. These animations bring to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body.

This animation shows how the enzyme complexes of the electron transport chain harvest energy from cofactor molecules to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane and establish a chemical gradient. It is the fourth of six animations about cellular respiration. These animations bring to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body.

This animation shows the reactions of the citric acid cycle, which splits off carbon atoms and generates energy-rich reduced forms of cofactor molecules. It is the third of six animations about cellular respiration. These animations bring to life the molecular engines inside mitochondria that generate ATP, the main source of chemically stored energy used throughout the body.

This film explores how gene duplications and mutations have led to remarkable physiological adaptations in Antarctic fish.

This animation shows how human infants can digest milk using the enzyme lactase.

This animation shows how zebrafish can rapidly heal wounds to the heart.

This animation shows how proteins in the cell are tagged for disposal by ubiquitin and then degraded by the proteasome.

This video explores how the kidneys filter blood to remove wastes and excess fluid from the body, maintaining a healthy balance of water and salts in the blood.

This animation provides an overview of the structure and function of the human heart.