This animation explores the genetic causes and biological effects of sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (also known as sickle cell anemia) is caused by a mutation in the protein hemoglobin. The animation illustrates how the mutated hemoglobin proteins can change the shape of red blood cells and ultimately reduce blood flow through the body. The animation also explores the mutation behind the disease: a single nucleotide change causing an amino acid substitution that can make hemoglobin molecules stick together.

Depending on students’ background, it may be helpful to pause the animation at various points to discuss different structures.