This animation shows how the Human Genome Project sequenced the human genome, which contains over 3 billion nucleotides.

The Human Genome Project started by identifying unique marker sequences distributed throughout the genome. As shown in the animation, many copies of DNA were then broken into smaller fragments, which were individually sequenced using a method called shotgun sequencing. With the help of the marker sequences, overlapping sections, and powerful computers, the fragment sequences were assembled in their original order.

Depending on students’ background, it may be helpful to pause the animation at various points to discuss different steps in the process.