In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time.

This activity is based on the study of fur color evolution in rock pocket mouse populations shown in the film The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation. Students summarize the evidence for evolution by natural selection shown in the film and in figures from a scientific paper. They should then be able to apply the same concepts to any trait that changes in response to natural selection in any species. The activity helps students develop skills aligned with the science practices of constructing explanations and engaging in argument from evidence.

This activity is adapted from an activity in the “Evolution of Human Skin Color” curriculum unit for AP Biology, which is part of the Smithsonian Institution’s “Teaching Evolution through Human Examples” project (NSF Grant No. 1119468).